Ctrl-Shift-Enter
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For matrix manipulation, we have to 
      
   hit three keys of Ctrl, Shift and Enter simultaneously. 


 Example 1: enter three lines in adjacent three cells
            such as A1, B1, C2. Then another three values in e.g., 
            c4, d4, e4
   1 2 3
             3 4 5

  choose three cells horizontally, then enter the following formula

     =A1:C1+C4:E4

  See different results

    a) hit enter

    b) hit Ctrl-Shift-Enter

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Grange Causality Test (an example)
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library(lmtest)
data(ChickEgg)

dim(ChickEgg)
head(ChickEgg)

# chicken --- > egg, i.e., use chicken explains eggs
 grangertest(egg ~ chicken,order=3, data=ChickEgg)

Granger causality test

Model 1: egg ~ Lags(egg, 1:3) + Lags(chicken, 1:3)
Model 2: egg ~ Lags(egg, 1:3)
  Res.Df Df      F Pr(>F)
1     44                 
2     47 -3 0.5916 0.6238
> 
# egg --> chicken
 grangertest(chicken ~ egg,order=3, data=ChickEgg)
Granger causality test
Model 1: chicken ~ Lags(chicken, 1:3) + Lags(egg, 1:3)
Model 2: chicken ~ Lags(chicken, 1:3)
  Res.Df Df     F   Pr(>F)   
1     44                     
2     47 -3 5.405 0.002966 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
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Convert a row (column) to a column (column) 
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The Excel function used is called transpose()

1) a row to a column
--------------------
Assume that we have the following row in A1 to D1. 

1  5  3  4

Since there are 4 values, we high light a column with 4 cells.
then enter the following equation 

 =transpose(A1:A4)

   then hit Ctrl-Shift-Enter

2) Convert a column to a row
-------------------------
Assume that we have the following column from A1 to A4
1
5
3
4
2.2

Since there are 5 values, we high light a row with 5 cells.
then enter the following equation 

 =transpose(A1:A4)

   then hit Ctrl-Shift-Enter
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